Progesterone: Functions and Physiological Responses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59420/remus.12.2024.221Keywords:
Progesterone, Receptors, Pregnancy, ImplantationAbstract
Progesterone is a steroid hormone involved in a number of processes related to the female reproductive cycle, as well as a potent immunomodulator during pregnancy. The objective of this review article is to sequentially unify the different molecular functions of progesterone, from its nuclear interaction with its receptor, using data from the PubMed and EBSCO databases. Among the results obtained, the fundamental role of progesterone receptors was identified, which have activating and inhibitory regions that control transcriptional activity. There are two main isoforms, PRA and PRB, with different functions during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy; in addition, a third receptor, PRC, has been identified. During uterine implantation, progesterone coordinates endometrial receptivity and modulates signaling pathways, influencing immunological responses favorable to pregnancy. The progesterone receptor plays a crucial role as a key regulator of physiological responses to progesterone, with genomic and non-genomic effects, most notably its role in implantation, uterine quiescence, and immunomodulation during pregnancy.
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