Afectación cognitiva por sobreexposición a pantallas electrónicas en adultos jóvenes
Cognitive Impairment Due to Overexposure to Electronic Screens in Young Adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59420/remus.2.2025.292Palabras clave:
funciones cognitivas, declive cognitivo, tiempo excesivo en pantallas, adultos jovenesResumen
Actualmente, vivimos en una era digital caracterizada por el acceso constante a información, entretenimiento y comunicación a través de dispositivos electrónicos (DE). La exposición prolongada a pantallas digitales (PD), especialmente cuando excede las 2 a 3 horas diarias, se ha asociado con el deterioro de funciones cognitivas como la memoria, atención, control de impulsos y la flexibilidad cognitiva. En esta revisión bibliográfica, se analizó la evidencia científica sobre el impacto cognitivo por sobreexposición a PD en adultos jóvenes, así como las estrategias para mitigar estos efectos. Diversos estudios señalaron que el uso excesivo de PD se asoció a una reducción del volumen de la corteza cerebral y alteraciones en la conectividad neuronal, que se reflejan en dificultades de concentración, déficits de memoria y mayor riesgo de desarrollar psicopatología. Asimismo, el tiempo dedicado a DE desplazó actividades recreativas y contribuyó a trastornos del sueño, favoreciendo la aparición de fatiga mental. En este contexto, surgieron nuevos términos, como demencia digital, zombie scrolling y doom scrolling para describir estos fenómenos emergentes vinculados al consumo compulsivo de contenido digital. Ante esta problemática, es preciso establecer límites en el tiempo de exposición, promover estilos de vida saludables y estrategias que favorezcan el uso equilibrado de tecnología. Se concluyó que es fundamental profundizar en investigaciones que permitan esclarecer la correlación entre el uso excesivo de DE o PD y los cambios neurocognitivos.
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