Efectos del bisfenol-A en la salud humana y su implicación en diabetes mellitus: Revisión sistemática
Effects of bisphenol-A on human health and its implication in diabetes mellitus: Systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59420/remus.14.2025.303Palabras clave:
Bisfenol-A, Diabetes Mellitus, HumansResumen
El bisfenol-A (BPA) es un disruptor endocrino ampliamente utilizado en productos de consumo diario, cuya exposición crónica se ha vinculado con alteraciones metabólicas, incluyendo la diabetes mellitus (DM). Objetivo: Analizar y sintetizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre la asociación entre la exposición a BPA y la aparición o progresión de diabetes mellitus en humanos. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020. Se incluyeron estudios originales cuantitativos (observacionales y experimentales) publicados entre 2020 y 2025, en inglés o español, localizados en PubMed, EBSCO, Elsevier, Springer Link y Web of Science. Se excluyeron estudios in vitro/animales, revisiones y artículos sin acceso completo. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada con la herramienta ROBINS-I. La revisión fue registrada en PROSPERO (CRD420251063585). Resultados: Se incluyeron 26 estudios con poblaciones humanas diversas. La mayoría mostró una asociación positiva entre mayores niveles de BPA (sérico o urinario) y riesgo de DM2, diabetes gestacional y, en menor medida, DM1. Los estudios experimentales confirmaron mecanismos como disfunción de células β, resistencia a la insulina y estrés oxidativo. Conclusiones: Existe evidencia consistente que vincula la exposición al BPA con alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a la DM. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de políticas regulatorias y prevención poblacional.
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