Efectos del bisfenol-A en la salud humana y su implicación en diabetes mellitus: Revisión sistemática
Effects of bisphenol-A on human health and its implication in diabetes mellitus: Systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59420/remus.14.2025.303Keywords:
Bisfenol-A, Diabetes Mellitus, HumansAbstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor widely used in everyday consumer products, whose chronic exposure has been linked to metabolic alterations, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective: To analyze and synthesize the available scientific evidence on the association between BPA exposure and the onset or progression of diabetes mellitus in humans. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Quantitative original studies (observational and experimental) published between 2020 and 2025, in English or Spanish, and found in PubMed, EBSCO, Elsevier, Springer Link, and Web of Science were included. In vitro/animal studies, reviews, and articles without full-text access were excluded. Methodological quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251063585). Results: Twenty-six studies involving diverse human populations were included. Most showed a positive association between higher BPA levels (serum or urinary) and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), gestational diabetes, and, to a lesser extent, type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Experimental studies confirmed mechanisms such as β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Conclusions: There is consistent evidence linking BPA exposure with metabolic alterations associated with DM. These findings reinforce the need for regulatory policies and population-level prevention strategies.
Downloads
References
Guerrero-Meza F, Vega-Morales P, Rubio V, Vergara-Castañeda H, Sánchez-Tusie A, Solis-Sáinz JC, Hernández Puga G. Los Disruptores Endocrinos Como Obesógenos Ambientales: Efectos en Proteínas Adipo- génicas Clave. Eur Sci J. 2022;18(27):77. ht- tps://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n27p77
Pombo-Arias M, Castro-Feijóo L, Barrei- ro-Conde J, Cabanas-Rodríguez P. Una re- visión sobre los disruptores endocrinos y su posible impacto sobre la salud de los humanos. Rev Esp Endocrinol Pediatr. 2020;11(2):33–53. https://doi.org/10.3266/ RevEspEndocrinolPediatr.pre2020.Nov.619
Perng W, Cantoral A, Soria-Contreras DC, Betanzos-Robledo L, Kordas K, Liu Y, et al. Exposición a químicos disrupto- res endócrinos obesogénicos y obesidad en niños y jóvenes de origen latino o his- pano en Estados Unidos y Latinoaméri- ca: una perspectiva del curso de la vida. Obes Rev. 2021;22(S5):e13352. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13352
Sánchez P, Zanabria M, Latorre S, Calva- che J, Coy A, Rojas W. Disruptores endo- crinos y su camino hacia el desequilibrio metabólico. RevACE. 2020;7(1):38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53853/encr.7.1.567
Carranza JAS. Los disruptores endocrinos: un problema creciente pero desconocido para la mayoría de los sanitarios. FMC Form Med Contin Aten Prim. 2021;28(3):143–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmc.2020.07.007
La Merrill MA, Smith MT, McHale CM, Heindel JJ, Atlas E, Cave MC, et al. Con- sensus on the key characteristics of me- tabolism disruptors. Nat Rev Endocri- nol. 2025;21(4):245–61. http://dx.doi. org/10.1038/s41574-024-01059-8
Kasongo AA, Leroux M, Amrouche-Mek- kioui I, Belhadji-Domecq M, Aguer C. BPA exposure in L6 myotubes increased basal glucose metabolism in an estrogen recep- tor-dependent manner but induced insulin resistance. Food and Chemical Toxicol- ogy. 2022 Dec 1;170:113505. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.113505
Wang F, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Han X, Wei Y, Guo H, et al. Combined effects of bisphenol A and diabetes genetic risk score on inci- dent type 2 diabetes: A nested case-con- trol study. Environmental Pollution. 2022 Aug 15;307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. mehy.2020.109675
Jain J, Gupta N, Mathur R, Nimesh S, Mathur SK. A Study on Impact of BPA in the Adipose Tissue Dysfunction (Adiposopathy) in Asian Indian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects. In- dian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 2020 Oct 1;35(4):451–7. https://link.springer. com/article/10.1007/s12291-019-00843-y
Haq MEU, Akash MSH, Sabir S, Mahmood MH, Rehman K. Human exposure to bisphe- nol A through dietary sources and develop- ment of diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Pakistani population. Environ- mental Science and Pollution Research. 2020 Jul 1;27(21):26262–75. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11356-020-09044-0
Lee S, Karvonen-Gutierrez C, Mukherjee B, Herman WH, Harlow SD, Park SK. Urinary concentrations of phenols and parabens and incident diabetes in midlife women: The study of women’s health across the nation. Environmental Epidemiology. 2021 Oct 1 ;5(5):E171. http://doi.org/10.1097/ EE9.0000000000000171
Iheagwam FN, Odiba JK, Iheagwam OT, Ogunlana OO, Chinedu SN. Type 2 Diabe- tes Mellitus Mediation by the Disruptive Activity of Environmental Toxicants on Sex Hormone Receptors: In Silico Evalua- tion. Toxics 2021, Vol 9, Page 255. 2021 Oct 8;9(10):255. https://doi.org/10.3390/tox- ics9100255
Kurşunoğlu NE, Yurekli BPS. Endocrine dis- ruptor chemicals as obesogen and diabeto- gen: Clinical and mechanistic evidence. 2022 Nov 6;10(31):11226–39. http://dx.doi. org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i31.11226
Tosirisuk N, Sakorn N, Jantarat C, Nosoong- noen W, Aroonpakmongkol S, Suporn- silchai V. Increased bisphenol A levels in Thai children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics Internation- al. 2022 Jan 1;64(1):e14944. https://doi. org/10.1111/ped.14944
Wade M, Delawder V, Reneau P, dos Santos JM. The effect of BPA exposure on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes – The impact of muscle contraction. Medical Hypotheses. 2020 Jul 1;140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119581
Kahn LG, Philippat C, Nakayama SF, Slama R, Trasande L. Endocrine-disrupting chem- icals: implications for human health. Vol. 8, The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. Lancet Publishing Group; 2020. p. 703–18. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/ PMC7437820/
Farrugia F, Aquilina A, Vassallo J, Pace NP. Bisphenol A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review of epidemiologic, functional, and early life factors. Vol. 18, Internation- al Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. MDPI AG; 2021. p. 1–25. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/ PMC7830729/
Cimmino I, Fiory F, Perruolo G, Miele C, Beguinot F, Formisano P, et al. Potential mechanisms of bisphenol a (BPA) contrib- uting to human disease. Vol. 21, Interna- tional Journal of Molecular Sciences. MDPI AG; 2020. p. 1–22. https://www.mdpi. com/1422-0067/21/16/5761
Delepierre J, Fosse-Edorh S, Fillol C, Pif- faretti C. Relation of urinary bisphenol concentration and diabetes or prediabetes in French adults: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2023 Mar 1;18(3 March). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/ PMC10062552/
Yang Z, Liu H, Wei J, Liu R, Zhang J, Sun M, et al. Bisphenol mixtures, metal mix- tures and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights from metabolite profiling. Environment International. 2024 Aug 1;190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108921
Deodati A, Bottaro G, Germani D, Carli F, Tait S, Busani L, et al. Urinary Bisphenol A and Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations in Children with Obesity: A Case-Control Study. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2024 Aug 1;97(4):388–96. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/ PMC11309050/
Schaffert A, Krieg L, Weiner J, Schlichting R, Ueberham E, Karkossa I, et al. Alterna- tives for the worse: Molecular insights into adverse effects of bisphenol A and substi- tutes during human adipocyte differen- tiation. Environment International. 2021 Nov 1;156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.en- vint.2021.106730
Steele EM, Khandpur N, da Costa Louzada ML, Monteiro CA. Association between di- etary contribution of ultra-processed foods and urinary concentrations of phthalates and bisphenol in a nationally representa- tive sample of the US population aged 6 years and older. PLoS ONE. 2020 Jul 1;15(7 July). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7394369/
Santos RS dos, Medina-Gali RM, Babilo- ni-Chust I, Marroqui L, Nadal A. In Vitro Assays to Identify Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals with Diabetogenic Activity in a Human Pancreatic -Cell Model. Interna- tional Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022 May 1;23(9). https://www.mdpi.com/1422- 0067/23/9/5040
Lee I, Park YJ, Kim MJ, Kim S, Choi S, Park J, et al. Associations of urinary concentra- tions of phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, and parabens with obesity and diabetes mellitus in a Korean adult population: Ko- rean National Environmental Health Sur- vey (KoNEHS) 2015–2017. Environment International. 2021 Jan 1;146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106227
Chen WJ, Robledo C, Davis EM, Goodman JR, Xu C, Hwang J, et al. Assessing urinary phenol and paraben mixtures in pregnant women with and without gestational dia- betes mellitus: A case-control study. En- viron Res. 2022 Nov 1;214. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113897
Zhu Y, Hedderson MM, Calafat AM, Alex- eeff SE, Feng J, Quesenberry CP, et al. Uri- nary Phenols in Early to Midpregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Study in a Multiracial Co- hort. Diabetes. 2022 Dec 1;71(12):2539–51. https://doi.org/10.2337/db22-0028
Soomro MH, England-Mason G, Reardon AJF, Liu J, MacDonald AM, Kinniburgh DW, et al. Maternal exposure to bisphenols, phthalates, perfluoroalkyl acids, and trace elements and their associations with ges- tational diabetes mellitus in the APrON cohort. Reproductive Toxicology. 2024 Aug 1;127:108612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108612
Ermini L, Nuzzo AM, Ietta F, Romagnoli R, Moretti L, Masturzo B, et al. Placental glucose transporters and response to bi- sphenol a in pregnancies from of normal and overweight mothers. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 2;22(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijms22126625
Charkiewicz AE, Omeljaniuk WJ, Nikliński J. Bisphenol A—What Do We Know? A Global or Local Approach at the Public Health Risk Level. Vol. 25, International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI); 2024. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijms25116229
Zanet YI, Hashem EM, Dessouky MN, Me- galla MH, Dessouky IS. Study of serum bis- phenol-A and the mRNA of galactosida- se beta 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Egyptian Journal of Inter- nal Medicine. 2023 Mar 30;35(1). https://ejim.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43162023-00209-0
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 REMUS - Revista Estudiantil de Medicina de la Universidad de Sonora
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
